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April 19, 2009  =WW2 Study Guide //**Feel free to add!! ~EMILY **//= =P.S. = =//(add to Mr. Taft's too)// =

|| ** __//totalitarian://__ complete & total rule by a single party and its leader in which all aspects of people's life are controlled without opposition ** || **__//Adolf Hitler://__ Austrian-born dictator leader of the Nazi party** became prime minister of Italy in 1922, then dictator in 1925 "IL DUCE"** || **__//Axis://__ Germany, Italy, Japan & their allies in WW2** Germany Italy Japan Hungary Romania Slovakia Bulgaria || __// **Joseph Stalin:** //__ **Soviet union dictator, successor to Vladimir Lenin, part of big 3**
 * ** //__Nazi Party:__// The National Socialist German Workers' Party; came to power under Adolf Hitler in the 1930s**
 * Gained power by preaching German racial superiority and won control of government in 1933.** || **__//Fascism://__ A political philosophy that advocates a strong, centralized, nationalistic government headed by a powerful dictator. EXTREME PATRIOTISM LINKED TO RACISM AND OPPRESSION OF NON-BELIEVERS**
 * Led the Nazi party, became "der Führer" in 1933 ** **when won control of Gov't** **by preaching German racial superiority.** ||
 * **__//Benito Mussolini//__: Italian dictator, began facist movement.
 * Major Axis Powers**
 * Minor Axis Powers**
 * Tried to control every aspect of life in USSR**

|| //__ **Allies:** __//

**Major Allies** China France United Kingdom Soviet Union United States **Minor Allies** Australia Belgium Brazil Canada Greece Holland Luxembourg New Zealand Norway Poland South Africa Yugoslavia || || **__//appeasement://__ The granting of concessions to a hostile power in order to keep the peace.** **British and French policy where they met Germany's demands in order to avoid war.** || __// **Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact** ://__ Germany invades Poland using blitzkrieg, or, lighting war. Soviet union acquires parts of Poland & ports on the Baltic sea. Great Britain and France declared war on Germany and WWII BEGAN** || || // **__isolationism:__** // || // **__FDR:__** //**Franklin Delano Roosevelt; US president 1933-1945.** **Preisdent after Hoover. FDR was an energetic & charismatic president, a liberal, led America through Great Depression with the New Deal. He Led America through most of WW2**. **Clamped an embargo on sale of arms. Prohibited shipment of US weapons to any nation at war** forbade US loans to any warring nations.**
 * **__//Munich Pact://__ Hitler & Chamerlain signed pact. Germany gained Sudetenland, Hitler promised to stop seeking more territory. An example of appeasement, met Germany's policies to avoid war.**
 * August 1939 agreement where the soviets and the germans agreed not to declare war on eachother** || ** __//Invasion of Poland://__
 * // **__Battle of Britain:__** //**Hitler fought Great Britain, air warfare, bombed London and other Cities. Great Britain did not surrender.** || **__//Winston Churchill://__ was the British prime minister as well as one of the main leaders of Britain for most of the war. Successor to Chamberland. (Responsible for Appeasement)**
 * Staying out of foreign affairs & avoiding alliances with warring countries. WHY?? Because they wanted to focus on problems at home, and they didnt want WW1 to repeat itself.**
 * FDR died after the Yalta conference.** ||
 * // ** __Neutrality Acts:__ ** //
 * 2nd neutrality act:
 * 3rd neutrality act: Made other acts a permanent part of national policy; forbade US from going into war zones.**

|| ** __ Cash and Carry :__ Replaced the Neutrality Acts. The USA would pay cash to carry arms to the Allies so they could help defeat Hitler.** || ** __//peacetime conscription://__

US began to draft men for service before we were in the war, in 1941 ** || ** //__1940 Election__// ** __**FDR tried to help Allies by lending or leasing raw materials, equipment, and weapons to Allies in 1941.** || **"Arsenal of Democracy"** FDR's famous words for America durring the war. The arsenal of democracy was the "home", "store house", "safe house", "carrier" of democracy. (You can use whatever term you want. But they all sum it up pretty well, so I will be using all of them.) || **//__Atlantic Charter:__// Spelled out causes of WWII (FDR/CHURCHILL). Agreed to goals:** -No territorial change w/o inhabitants consent -respect peoples's right to choose Gov't -promote free trade among nations -encourage international cooperation to improve lives -build a secure peace based on freedom from want and fear -work for disarmament of aggressors - establish permanent system of general security**
 * FDR Re-Elected, promised too keep nation out of war.** ||
 * __// **Lend-Lease Act:** //
 * -Seek no foreign expansion

|| **Pearl Harbor** DEC 7, 1941 || US during the war (social life) focused on War effort ** || **//__War Labor Board:__// Established by FDR to arbitrate labor disputes during WWII - avoided strikes, lookouts, wage disputes.** || **//__Office of Price Administration__//
 * ** //__home front:__//

Board's mission was to regulate prices so that rising prices would not interfere with the production of necessary war materials** || **War Production Board** || loans to the Gov't to help pay for the war- holly wood encouraged the public to buy them** || **//__civil defense:__// Volunteers volunteered to be "Wardens" to monitor neighborhoods to make sure blackouts were in effect, practice air raids, dim-outs** || **//__rationing__//** || **__//Operation Torch / North Africa Campaign//__** || **//__Normandy__//** US general. Commanded army in North Africa, Sicily, European theater, Normandy, Battle of Bulge.** || **__//Battle of the Bulge//__**
 * **//__liberty bonds:__//
 * Rations were put on products which had shortages. Gasoline, rubber, sugar, coffee, stamps, stickers.** || **__//internment://__ was the practice of detaining individuals who were considered to be affiliated with the enemy during wartime. This was done to the Japanese Americans during World War II in the United States when they were put in either relocation centers or internment camps.**
 * Imprisonment of Japanese Americans by FDR/War Dept .. in isolated camps in the west after Pearl Harbor** ||
 * **//__"Mr. Black"__//**
 * The black Market, an informal, illegal way of buying goods that were officially rationed** || **//__Office of War Information__//**
 * Gov't information service in WWII, promoted patriotism, released war news, warned about spies, recuited women, Posters/Radio** || **//__Rosie the Riveter__//**
 * Poster of a strong woman, a symbol encouraging women that they acheive, that they can do what men can do, ecouraging war efforts.** || __// **minorities on the home front** //__ ||
 * **//__Battle of the Atlantic__//**
 * Longest continuous campaign of WWII (1939-1945). Involved thousands of ships, U-Boats and Sonar. Thousands sunk.** || **__//Stalingrad://__ Hitler and the Germans attacked Stalingrad, Russia; Soviets defended, lost a major battle to Stalin and the Soviets. The battle was the major turning point of the war as well as being the most horrific.**
 * British-American invasion of North Africa. Wanted to clear Axis powers, improve navel control of Mediteranian, and got to southern border of Europe** || **//__Italian Campaign__//**
 * Allies vs. German forces, fighting for months. Allies forced Germans out of Sicily, Italians overthrew Mussolini and Gov't surrenderd.** ||
 * **//__Dwight D. Eisenhower__//**
 * Leader of the Allied troops, a US General.** || **__//Operation Overlord / D-Day://__ started on June 6, 1944, and was where the Allies invaded France & defeated the Germans. Operation Overlord was significant because it started the collapse of the Germans, which later led to the end of the war.**
 * Region in Northern France where allies landed to invade France** || **__//Liberation of Paris//__**
 * 850,000 Allied troops moved from Normandy to Paris fighting the Germans. Helped by the French resistence, they liberated Paris & thousands of German soldiers give up.** ||
 * **//__George Patton__//
 * Final German Assault on Allies in Belgum. Large Casualties, Allies won.** || **__//Yalta Conference//__**
 * Stalin, Churchill and FDR (the big three) made plans for the end of the war and future in Europe. Also agreed peace keeping after war.** || **//__Douglas MacArthur__//**
 * Pacific Theater General for the US. His famous quote: "I shall return"** ||
 * **//__Bataan Death March__//**
 * US troops in Phillipines surrendered and were forced to march to prison camps.** || // **Doolittle Raid** //

**Spring 1942 air raid on Japanese cities, including Tokyo. Caused little damage but shocked Japan's leaders and boosted Allies morale. ** || //**Midway****:**//


 * June 1942 turning point in war. Clash between Japan and America off the island of Midway in the central pacific.**

|| **__//island hopping://__

Strategy used by the allies to invade islands weakly defended by Japan.** || directly translated as divine wind, name for the suicide pilots that the Japanese used against the US ships at sea.** || __// **Okinawa** //__ Okinawa was the largest amphibious invasion of the Pacific campaign and the last major campaign of the Pacific War.
 * **__//kamikaze://__
 * The battle of Okinawa proved to be the bloodiest battle of the Pacific War.

US won, but at a large cost.** || __// **Iwo Jima** //__**USA bombed the island & stormed the beaches. Japanese were in underground bunkers & attacked US brutally. Although USA won, over 23,000 died.** || **//__The Manhattan Project__//**
 * Top secret program to build an atomic bomb began in 1942. led by Oppenheimer ** ||
 * **__//Potsdam Declaration://__**

**Issued by US, Great Britain and China, defined terms of Japanese surrender, Japan rejected which led to the dropping of atomic bomb.**

|| **__//Harry S Truman//__**


 * President after FDR died. Made decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan. ** || //__ **Hiroshima:** __//

**Bomber named Enola Gay dropped atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshime. Killed 70,000 people. Truman had warned them to surrender. ** || __// **Nagasaki** //__ **Japan still didn't surrender after Hiroshima, so the US dropped another atomic bomb on the city of Nagasaki, killing 40 million. 8/14/45, Japan Surrendered. ** || ||  ||  ||   ||   ||
 * //__ **United Nations** __//-> || **50 nations approved the new peace keeping body that allowed the countries to work together towards lasting peace. ** || 

<span style="color: rgb(250, 0, 0); font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">ORIGINS OF THE WAR
 * How did dictators come to power in Germany, Italy, the Soviet Union, and Japan in the 1930?**

Treaty of Versailles: Harsh punishment after ww1 for Germany, Soviets lost alot of land, will seek revenge League of Nations: Failure w/out USA, world peace NOT kept Global Depression: Large #s of internationally unemployed, dictators can rise easily.

Adolf Hitler and Germany: -Began Nazi party -Gained power by overthrowing constitution -Eventually controlled govt.

Benito Mussolini and Italy: -__Facism__, believed in extreme patriotism linked to racism. -__Grew Military and Nationalism__ -Oppressed non-supporters

JAPAN: -Built up their army -Looked to expand in Pacific

Joseph Stalin the USSR: -__Communist__ -Controlled all of life in Nation.

//The road to war in Europe// worksheet the ones needed are underlined -Germany begins Mobilization in 1935 1. Germany takes the Rhineland in 1936 2. Germany Annexes Austria 3. Germany occupies the sudetenland __-The Munich Pact__ is signed in 1938 - Churchill called it appeasement -__Germany and Italy form the Axis__ 4. Germany occupies the rest of Czechoslovakia 5. __Germany invades **Poland,** using **Blitzkrleg,** or lightning war__ -Great Britain and France declare war on Germany -The Soviet Union acquires part of Poland and ports in the Baltic states 6.Hungry, Bulgaria, and Romania goin the Axis 7. In the spring of 1940, Germany invades five European countries - Denmark, Gorway, the Netherlands, Belgum, and Luxemborg. 8. __Germany marches on France, takes over Paris.__ 9. __Germany attacks Great Britain (but fails) in what becomes known as the Battle of Britain.__ 10. Germany invades the Soviet Union, and the Soviet Union allies with Britain and France - Germany continues to expand in Europe.
 * What events led to the beginning of World War II in Europe?**

Stay Neutral
 * What was America's foreign policy in the 1930s? Why did they have this policy? How did it gradually change as the war developed in Europe?**

In the 1930's we wanted to stay neutral because: A. We had a depression, so we thought we needed to fix the problems at home, first. B. IT WAS IN EUROPE! NOT AMERICA! C. We didn't want war after WWI

Neutrality acts: No weapons, ships, travel, or loans to belligerent countries

Japanese fighters and bombers attacked Wheeler Airfield, lots of Americans lost, innocents included, battleships & aircraft destroyed. WHY? Japan wanted to expand & create an Asian empire due to overpopulation & lack of people; inevitable involvement in war, Tripartite act.; Japan aimed to attack pacific fleet and cripple US force. IMPACT: The impact that the Pearl Harbor attack had on World War II was that it was the event that caused the United States to enter the war. Also, it forced the U.S. Naval leaders to change their perception of naval warfare. Prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor, U.S. Naval leaders centered their fleets around battleships. Following the attack, the big battleships were out of operation which caused the Navy to center the fleets around aircraft carriers.
 * What happened at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941? Why did it happen? Was it a success? What was the impact of the event?**

<span style="color: rgb(250, 0, 0); font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">THE HOME FRONT Women-
 * What role did men, women, and children play on the home front? How were the lives of Americans effected by the war?**

Children-
 * Didn't waste food
 * Planted victory gardens
 * Bought liberty bonds
 * Didn't buy from "Mr. Black"
 * Ration lines
 * Worked in factories
 * Women worked as stenographers
 * Paranoid about invasion
 * Conserve electricity, communications, water, and transportation
 * Didn't strike because the factories needed to produce as much war goods as they could
 * Wrote to soldiers
 * Played baseball
 * Weren't allowed to wear nylon stockings because nylon was used for parachutes, tents, etc.
 * Their toys were mini soldiers and tanks
 * Air raids were fun for kids
 * Kids saw movies that were anti- Nazi
 * collected metal straps
 * Captain America's first enemy was Hitler
 * Kids would be assigned to be plane spiers
 * They used allowances to buy war stamps
 * They started victory gardens


 * Only do necessary things
 * If you got hurt, you were helping Hitler because that meant that you couldn't work
 * Helped produce war supplies by war bonds
 * Play baseball
 * take more jobs
 * Be cooperative
 * Join the army or navy
 * Get involved in movies
 * Register for defense industries
 * Set aside differences and unite
 * Join the civil defense

Programs -War production Board-War labor Board-Office of price administration-Office of War InformationOther-rationing-japanese internment-propaganda-travel -money (war bonds)
 * How did the government gain more control of society during the war?**

They were discriminated against by the people of America. Mainly, they were sent to internment camps. In case any of them were "spies", even though most of the Japanese Americans were born in America
 * What happened to Japanese Americans during the war? Why? Should it have happened?**

Yes. African Americans, Native Americans, and WOMEN were discriminated agians
 * Was there other discrimination on the home front during the war?**

<span style="color: rgb(250, 0, 0); font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">THE US TROOPS Women worked as nurses, pilots, and marines. There was some controversy about this. There were 216000 women working in the forces. For minorities the war created new dilemmas. Some questioned whether this was their war to fight because they were being discriminated at the home front. African Americans faced discrimination. There were 4,000 of them. They generally weren't assigned to combat and were confined to segregated units. Black women were also segregated. African Americans also did administrative jobs. On the home front, Mexican Americans were discriminated, yet 300,000 Hispanics fought in the war. 33,000 Japanese Americans fought in the war. 25,000 Native Americans fought in the war.
 * What was the makeup of the America fighting forces? What about women, African Americans, Japanese Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans?**

<span style="color: rgb(250, 0, 0); font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">THE WAR IN EUROPE AND THE PACIFIC -Defeat Germany as top priority -cross channel invasion postponed -only accept unconditional surrender of Axis -All nations work together to defeat germany & no peace w/ enemy.
 * What were the plans of the Allies once the U.S. entered the war?**

BACKGROUND: Manhattan Project, top secret program began by FDR, reserched & created bomb. Uranium atom first split by Germans. Potsdam warned Japan to surrender because USA had a weapon of mass destruction, Japan refused. USA dropped the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima
 * What is the background of the atomic bomb? What are some of the pros and cons of dropping the bomb?**

PROS: Quick way to end war Show US power Payback for Pearl Harbor & Bataan Death March Saved lives: land combat would be more costly

CONS: Japan was on its last legs, and would eventually surrender. No need to drop the bomb. Killed innocents It lead to a huge arms race & Cold War